Electric motorcycles and scooters are vehicles with two or three wheels that use electric motors to attain locomotion. Electric motorcycles, as distinguished from scooters, do not have a step-through frame.
Generally, the source of power for the electric motor has been batteries, but development in fuel cell technology has created several prototypes. Some examples are: the ENV from Intelligent Energy, Honda's scooter using the Honda FC Stack, and the Yamaha FC-AQEL. Also, petroleum hybrid-electric motorcycles are available. Some examples are the Ecycle, and Yamaha's Gen-RYU.
Electric motorcycles and scooters are rising in popularity because of higher gasoline prices. Battery technology is gradually improving making this form of transportation more practical.[3]
Advantages of electric over gasoline power:
Disadvantages:
A scooter is a type of motorcycle with a step-through frame and usually with smaller wheels designed for urban transportation.
Scooters are divided into categories as per the particular niche that they are designed to operate in and speed requirements:
Two-wheeled motorcycles are generally differentiated from electric bicycles and mopeds (motorized pedal cycles) by speed, with motorcycles having greater speeds—usually greater than 30 mph (about 50 km/h). This line for what constitutes a 2 wheeled motorcycle has blurred due to marketing, styling, and public opinion.
Certain models of electric bicycle take the form of scooters or small motorcycles, with the standard features of common e-bikes, but with plastic or metal cladding, lighting systems; such as indicators and brake lights, and speedometers. They are however, classed as electric bicycles in most areas.
The Uno dicycle is another type of electric vehicle that is sometimes described as an electric motorcycle.[6][7] The Uno III transforms between a dicycle and a tricycle.[8]
Name | Top Speed | Power | Cost | Vehicle type | Battery type | Battery life | Battery capacity | Range | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Modenas CTric | 80 km/h (50 mph) | 3.6 kW (ratified as 1.0 kW)[9] | RM 4,888[10] (≈$1,629)[11] | Underbone | Nano-gel batteries, 5 x 12 V | 2 years | 20 A·h | 60 km @ 30 km/h[12] | Modenas CTric |
ZAP Xebra | 40 mph (65 km/h) | $10,000 | 3 Wheel | Lead acid | 3 years | 25 miles at 30 mph (40 km at 50 km/h) | review | ||
Zero X | + 50 mph (80 km/h) | 17.4 kW 23 HP | High Power $9295 Standard $7495 | Off-road Motorcycle | Patent-pending lithium ion array | ? | 2 kWh | 40 miles (64 km) 2hrs | Zero Motorcycles |
Zero MX | + 50 mph (80 km/h) | 17.4 kW 23 HP | High Power $9950 Standard $8295 | Off-road Motorcycle | Patent-pending lithium ion array | ? | 2 kWh | 40 miles (64 km) 2hrs | Zero Motorcycles |
Name | Top Speed | Power | Cost | Vehicle type | Battery type | Battery life | Battery capacity | Range | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Brammo Enertia | 60+ mph (96+ km/h) | 13 kW (17 hp) @ 4500 rpm | $7,995 | Motorcycle | 6 Lithium iron phosphate by Valence | 20,000 miles (32,000 km) | 2.85 kWh | 50+ miles (80+ kilometres) |
Currently available at select Best Buy stores and online.[13] |
Zero S | + 67 mph (108 km/h) | ? | $9995 | Supermoto | Patent-pending lithium ion array | ? | 4 kWh | 60 miles (97 km) | Zero Motorcycles |
Zero DS | + 67 mph (108 km/h) | 26 hp[14] | $9995 | Dual-Sport | Patent-pending lithium ion array | ? | 4 kWh | 60 miles (97 km) | Zero Motorcycles |
Vectrix VX-1 | 68 mph (100 km/h) | 20 kW[15] | $8,800 | Scooter | Nickel metal hydride (NiMH) provided by GP Batteries |
10 years or 50,000 miles / 80,000 km | 30 A·h, 3.7 kW·h | 68 miles @ 25 mph (110 km @ 40 km/h) | Review |
Name | Top Speed | Power | Cost | Vehicle type | Battery type | Battery life | Battery capacity | Range | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mission One PLE | 150 mph (240 km/h) | 101 kW (136hp) | $68,995 | 2 Wheel | Lithium-ion, unknown manufacturer | Unknown | 14 kWh | 150 miles (240 km) | Shipping Q2 2011. |
Brammo Empulse 10.0 | 100 mph (160 km/h) | 40kW | $13,995 | 2 Wheel | Proprietary Lithium-ion | Unknown | 10 kWh | 100 miles (160 km) | Shipping mid 2011. |
Premier of the Republic of China (Taiwan) Liu Chao-shiuan said that the government-financed Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI) will help domestic manufacturers mass-produce 100,000 electric motorcycles in four years.[16]
|
|